Portsmouth Harbor Lighthouse is nestled within Fort Constitution in New Castle, New Hampshire.
Overlooking the entrance to Portsmouth Harbor and the Piscataqua River, this historic beacon has guided vessels safely since the 18th century, marking it as a significant landmark in New England’s coastal history.
History of Portsmouth Harbor Lighthouse
Established in 1771, Portsmouth Harbor Lighthouse was the tenth of eleven light stations built before the American Revolution. The original structure was a wooden tower with an iron lantern and copper roof, illuminated by three copper oil lamps.
In 1804, a new 80-foot octagonal wooden tower replaced the original, situated approximately 100 yards east of the initial site. This tower was later shortened to 55 feet in 1851, following the establishment of the nearby Whaleback Lighthouse.
A significant upgrade occurred in 1854 with the installation of a fourth-order Fresnel lens, enhancing the lighthouse’s visibility. The current 48-foot cast-iron, brick-lined tower was erected in 1878 on the same foundation as its predecessor.
Throughout its history, the lighthouse has undergone various modifications to improve its functionality and durability.
Portsmouth Harbor Lighthouse Architecture and Design
The existing lighthouse is a conical, cast-iron tower lined with brick, standing 48 feet tall. Originally painted reddish-brown, the tower was repainted white in 1902, a color it retains today. It features a black lantern housing the light apparatus.
The lighthouse’s design reflects the typical architectural style of late 19th-century American lighthouses, combining both functionality and aesthetic appeal. The fourth-order Fresnel lens installed in 1854 remains a key component, providing a fixed green light visible up to 12 nautical miles.
Location and Surroundings
Situated on the northeastern corner of New Castle Island, Portsmouth Harbor Lighthouse marks the entrance to Portsmouth Harbor, guiding maritime traffic along the Piscataqua River and the Atlantic Ocean. The lighthouse is encompassed by Fort Constitution, a historic military fortification with origins dating back to the early 17th century.
The area offers picturesque views of the harbor, nearby Whaleback Lighthouse, and the surrounding seascape, making it a popular spot for history enthusiasts and sightseers alike.
Visiting Portsmouth Harbor Lighthouse
A visit to Portsmouth Harbor Lighthouse offers a blend of historical insight and scenic beauty.
Getting There
From Interstate 95, take Exit 5 (Portsmouth Circle) and follow signs for Route 1 Bypass South (Hampton Beaches). After approximately two miles, turn left onto Elwyn Road, following it for about 1.4 miles to a small traffic circle. Exit onto Route 1A North (Sagamore Road) and proceed for 0.4 miles to the intersection with Route 1B (Wentworth Road).
Turn right onto Route 1B, cross a bridge, and continue past the Wentworth-by-the-Sea Hotel. After about 2.2 miles, follow signs for U.S. Coast Guard Station Portsmouth Harbor and Fort Constitution. Parking is available just before the station gate.
Visiting Hours
Guided tours of Portsmouth Harbor Lighthouse are available upon request based on volunteer availability. It’s recommended to contact the Friends of Portsmouth Harbor Lighthouses for more information. These tours provide an opportunity to climb the lighthouse tower, learn about its history, and enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding area.
Admission
A small suggested donation, between $5-$10, is appreciated for the guided tours, which supports ongoing preservation and educational efforts.
Guided Tours
During the guided tours, visitors can ascend the lighthouse tower, view the historic Fresnel lens up close, and enjoy breathtaking vistas of Portsmouth Harbor and the Atlantic Ocean. Knowledgeable guides share insights into the lighthouse’s history, architecture, and its role in maritime navigation.
Visitor Guidelines
- Respect all signage and barriers to protect the lighthouse and its surroundings.
- Stay on designated paths to prevent dune erosion.
- Be mindful of changing tides and coastal conditions when visiting the nearby beach.
- Follow local regulations to ensure a safe and enjoyable visit.
Plan Your Visit
A trip to Portsmouth Harbor Lighthouse offers a unique glimpse into New England’s maritime past. With its historic significance, architectural charm, and stunning coastal views, the lighthouse provides a memorable experience for visitors. Whether you’re a history buff, photography enthusiast, or simply seeking a scenic outing, Portsmouth Harbor Lighthouse is a destination worth exploring.